The strategic orientation of the People's Republic of China towards Africa during the period 2000-2024 AD

Abstract

This study explores China's strategy in Africa during the period (2000–2023), in the context of China's growing global influence and its ambition to reshape international power balances. The strategy is framed by principles such as “non-intervention,” “mutual benefit,” and “win-win cooperation.” The research aims to analyze the theoretical foundations and guiding principles of China's foreign policy toward Africa and to identify the tools used by Beijing to enhance its influence, whether through soft power (culture, education, media, diplomacy) or hard power (investments, resources, infrastructure, and military presence). The study adopts a descriptive-analytical approach, employing geopolitical analysis and international relations theories. It is structured into two main sections: the first addresses the foundational principles of China's strategy, such as non-intervention and development partnerships, while the second focuses on China's use of soft and hard power tools, including education, media, military bases, and large-scale initiatives like the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). The findings reveal that China’s strategy in Africa offers an alternative to traditional Western dominance by fostering trust through development-oriented, non-conditional partnerships. However, the strategy faces rising challenges related to African debt, accusations of economic dependency, and potential impacts on political sovereignty. The study concludes by recommending a more balanced and transparent partnership model that ensures the sovereignty and long-term interests of African countries, while mitigating the risks of excessive dependence on China.