Antibiogram susceptibility and multidrug resistance of Acinetobacter isolated from Al-Jalaa Hospital for Surgery and Accidents - Benghazi - Libya

Abstract

Background: Antibiotic-resistant Acinetobacter nosocomial infection is a leading problem. It acts as an opportunistic pathogen to cause a wide spectrum of infection including nosocomial pneumonia, meningitis, endocarditis, skin and soft tissue infections, urinary tract infection, conjunctivitis, burn wound infection and bacteremia. Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter infection creates a great problem in hospital setting. Objective: This study was aimed to identify the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Acinetobacter bacteria isolated from patients in AL-Jalaa hospital for accidents & surgery - Benghazi - Libya. Methods: A total of 74 samples were randomly selected from different wards and outpatient department. Samples collected was taken from both gender with different age. Specimen isolates was obtained from (urine, swap, tip, Endotracheal tube and blood). The bacterial identification and sensitivity was carried out using BD Phoenix system (BD Diagnostics, Sparks, MD, USA). The descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in the Clinical Microbiology laboratory from August 2023 to November 2023. By inoculation in culture media and aerobic incubation at 37°C were done in accordance with the standard micro-biological procedure. Significant bacterial growth on culture of the specimens was processed for identification on the basis of colony morphology, Gram staining, catalase test and coagulase test. Antimicrobial susceptibility test (AST) was done by the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. IBM SPSS software version 28 was used for data analysis. Chi square test used to determine the difference between each variable in the study P < 0.05 statistically significant. Results: our results shows that Acinetobacter was resistant to majority of antibiotics , as found resistant to in majority of patients to Nalidixic acid (NA) and Ampicillin (AM) in majority of patients (72), followed by Cephalothin (CL) and Levofloxacin (68), then Augmantin (AUG) in (67), Tetracycline (TE) in (66), Gentamicin (GN) and Amoxicillin (AMC) in (64), Ciprofolxacillin(CIP) in (61) Rifampicin (RA) (60), Amikacin (AK) in (52),), while a moderate resistance was found in Imipenem (IMP) in (39) against this on the other hand found only one antibiotic Polymyxin B highly sensitive to Acinetobacter with lower resistance rate . Conclusions: Acinetobacter found resistant to the majority of antibiotics used in anti-sensitivity test as it’s a play a major role in infection in hospitals and consider a big health issue. Also the use of broad spectrum antibiotic irrationally increases without proper plan, lack of surveillance, suitable antibiotics detection through the period of management and infection control, lead to failure of management process.